SELECT 
  product_id, 
  parent_product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_product_variation_group_products 
WHERE 
  parent_product_id = 10965

Query time 0.00016

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "6.65"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_product_variation_group_products",
      "access_type": "ref",
      "possible_keys": [
        "idx_parent_product_id"
      ],
      "key": "idx_parent_product_id",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "parent_product_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "ref": [
        "const"
      ],
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 19,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 19,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "4.75",
        "eval_cost": "1.90",
        "prefix_cost": "6.65",
        "data_read_per_join": "304"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "product_id",
        "parent_product_id"
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id parent_product_id
10972 10965
10973 10965
10974 10965
10975 10965
10976 10965
10977 10965
10978 10965
10979 10965
10980 10965
10981 10965
10982 10965
10983 10965
10984 10965
10966 10965
10967 10965
10968 10965
10969 10965
10970 10965
10971 10965