SELECT 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    IF(
      cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount = 0, 
      cscart_product_prices.price, 
      cscart_product_prices.price - (
        cscart_product_prices.price * cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount
      )/ 100
    )
  ) AS price 
FROM 
  cscart_product_prices 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id IN (
    3834, 3833, 2130, 2131, 2132, 2133, 2134, 
    2135, 2136, 2137, 2138, 2139, 2140, 
    2141, 2142, 2143, 2144, 2145, 2146, 
    2147, 2148, 2149, 2150, 2151, 2152, 
    2153, 2154, 2155, 2156, 2157, 2158, 
    2159, 2160, 2161, 2162, 2163, 2164, 
    2165, 2166, 2167, 2168, 2169, 2170, 
    2171, 2172, 2173, 2174, 2175, 2176, 
    2177, 2178, 2179, 2180, 2181, 2182, 
    2183, 2184, 3779, 3780, 3781, 3782, 
    3783, 3784, 3785, 3786, 3787, 3788, 
    3789, 3790, 3791, 3792, 3793, 3794, 
    3795, 3796, 3797, 3798, 3799, 3800, 
    3801, 3802, 3803, 3804, 3805, 3806, 
    3807, 3808, 3809, 3810, 3811, 3812, 
    3813, 3814, 3815, 3816, 3817
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND cscart_product_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 1) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id

Query time 0.00135

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "67.21"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "table": {
        "table_name": "cscart_product_prices",
        "access_type": "range",
        "possible_keys": [
          "usergroup",
          "product_id",
          "lower_limit",
          "usergroup_id"
        ],
        "key": "product_id",
        "used_key_parts": [
          "product_id"
        ],
        "key_length": "3",
        "rows_examined_per_scan": 96,
        "rows_produced_per_join": 19,
        "filtered": "20.00",
        "index_condition": "(`gaseus`.`cscart_product_prices`.`product_id` in (3834,3833,2130,2131,2132,2133,2134,2135,2136,2137,2138,2139,2140,2141,2142,2143,2144,2145,2146,2147,2148,2149,2150,2151,2152,2153,2154,2155,2156,2157,2158,2159,2160,2161,2162,2163,2164,2165,2166,2167,2168,2169,2170,2171,2172,2173,2174,2175,2176,2177,2178,2179,2180,2181,2182,2183,2184,3779,3780,3781,3782,3783,3784,3785,3786,3787,3788,3789,3790,3791,3792,3793,3794,3795,3796,3797,3798,3799,3800,3801,3802,3803,3804,3805,3806,3807,3808,3809,3810,3811,3812,3813,3814,3815,3816,3817))",
        "cost_info": {
          "read_cost": "65.29",
          "eval_cost": "1.92",
          "prefix_cost": "67.21",
          "data_read_per_join": "460"
        },
        "used_columns": [
          "product_id",
          "price",
          "percentage_discount",
          "lower_limit",
          "usergroup_id"
        ],
        "attached_condition": "((`gaseus`.`cscart_product_prices`.`lower_limit` = 1) and (`gaseus`.`cscart_product_prices`.`usergroup_id` in (0,1)))"
      }
    }
  }
}