SELECT 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    IF(
      cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount = 0, 
      cscart_product_prices.price, 
      cscart_product_prices.price - (
        cscart_product_prices.price * cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount
      )/ 100
    )
  ) AS price 
FROM 
  cscart_product_prices 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id IN (
    1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 
    1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 
    1414, 1415, 1416, 5107, 5108, 5109, 
    5110, 5111, 5112, 5113, 5114, 5115, 
    5116, 5117, 5118, 5119, 5120, 5121, 
    5122, 5123, 5124, 5125, 5126, 5127, 
    5128, 5129, 5130, 340, 341, 342, 343, 
    344, 345, 346, 412, 413, 414, 1366, 1367, 
    1368, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 
    1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 
    1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 
    1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 
    1392, 3612, 3613, 3614, 3615, 4224, 
    4225, 4226, 4227, 4228, 4229, 4230, 
    5079, 5080, 5081, 5082, 5083, 5084, 
    5085, 5086
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND cscart_product_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 1) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id

Query time 0.00173

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "67.66"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "table": {
        "table_name": "cscart_product_prices",
        "access_type": "range",
        "possible_keys": [
          "usergroup",
          "product_id",
          "lower_limit",
          "usergroup_id"
        ],
        "key": "product_id",
        "used_key_parts": [
          "product_id"
        ],
        "key_length": "3",
        "rows_examined_per_scan": 97,
        "rows_produced_per_join": 19,
        "filtered": "20.00",
        "index_condition": "(`gaseus`.`cscart_product_prices`.`product_id` in (1401,1402,1403,1404,1405,1406,1407,1408,1409,1410,1411,1412,1413,1414,1415,1416,5107,5108,5109,5110,5111,5112,5113,5114,5115,5116,5117,5118,5119,5120,5121,5122,5123,5124,5125,5126,5127,5128,5129,5130,340,341,342,343,344,345,346,412,413,414,1366,1367,1368,1369,1370,1371,1372,1373,1374,1375,1376,1377,1378,1379,1380,1381,1382,1383,1384,1385,1386,1387,1388,1389,1390,1391,1392,3612,3613,3614,3615,4224,4225,4226,4227,4228,4229,4230,5079,5080,5081,5082,5083,5084,5085,5086))",
        "cost_info": {
          "read_cost": "65.72",
          "eval_cost": "1.94",
          "prefix_cost": "67.66",
          "data_read_per_join": "465"
        },
        "used_columns": [
          "product_id",
          "price",
          "percentage_discount",
          "lower_limit",
          "usergroup_id"
        ],
        "attached_condition": "((`gaseus`.`cscart_product_prices`.`lower_limit` = 1) and (`gaseus`.`cscart_product_prices`.`usergroup_id` in (0,1)))"
      }
    }
  }
}