SELECT 
  product_id, 
  parent_product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_product_variation_group_products 
WHERE 
  parent_product_id = 10985

Query time 0.00075

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "6.30"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_product_variation_group_products",
      "access_type": "ref",
      "possible_keys": [
        "idx_parent_product_id"
      ],
      "key": "idx_parent_product_id",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "parent_product_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "ref": [
        "const"
      ],
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 18,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 18,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "4.50",
        "eval_cost": "1.80",
        "prefix_cost": "6.30",
        "data_read_per_join": "288"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "product_id",
        "parent_product_id"
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id parent_product_id
10986 10985
10987 10985
10988 10985
10989 10985
10990 10985
10991 10985
10992 10985
10993 10985
10994 10985
10995 10985
10996 10985
10997 10985
10998 10985
10999 10985
11000 10985
11001 10985
11002 10985
11003 10985
11004 10985