SELECT 
  product_id, 
  parent_product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_product_variation_group_products 
WHERE 
  parent_product_id = 11047

Query time 0.00025

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "6.65"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_product_variation_group_products",
      "access_type": "ref",
      "possible_keys": [
        "idx_parent_product_id"
      ],
      "key": "idx_parent_product_id",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "parent_product_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "ref": [
        "const"
      ],
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 19,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 19,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "4.75",
        "eval_cost": "1.90",
        "prefix_cost": "6.65",
        "data_read_per_join": "304"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "product_id",
        "parent_product_id"
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id parent_product_id
11048 11047
11049 11047
11050 11047
11051 11047
11052 11047
11053 11047
11054 11047
11055 11047
11056 11047
11057 11047
11058 11047
11059 11047
11060 11047
11061 11047
11062 11047
11063 11047
11065 11047
11066 11047
11064 11047