SELECT 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    IF(
      cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount = 0, 
      cscart_product_prices.price, 
      cscart_product_prices.price - (
        cscart_product_prices.price * cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount
      )/ 100
    )
  ) AS price 
FROM 
  cscart_product_prices 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id IN (
    1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 
    1595, 1596, 1597, 1598, 5272, 5273, 
    5274, 5275, 5276, 5277, 5278, 5279, 
    5280, 5281, 5282, 5283, 5284, 5285, 
    5286, 5287, 5288, 5289, 5290, 5291, 
    5292, 5293, 5294, 5295, 5296, 5297, 
    5298, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550, 
    1551, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 
    1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1562, 
    1563, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1568, 
    1569, 1570, 1571, 5245, 5246, 5247, 
    5248, 5249, 5250, 5251, 5252, 5253, 
    5254, 5255, 5256, 5257, 5258, 5259, 
    5260, 5261, 5262, 5263, 5264, 5265, 
    5266, 5267, 5268, 5269, 5270, 5271, 
    1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND cscart_product_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 1) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id

Query time 0.00148

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "67.21"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "table": {
        "table_name": "cscart_product_prices",
        "access_type": "range",
        "possible_keys": [
          "usergroup",
          "product_id",
          "lower_limit",
          "usergroup_id"
        ],
        "key": "product_id",
        "used_key_parts": [
          "product_id"
        ],
        "key_length": "3",
        "rows_examined_per_scan": 96,
        "rows_produced_per_join": 19,
        "filtered": "20.00",
        "index_condition": "(`gaseus`.`cscart_product_prices`.`product_id` in (1588,1589,1590,1591,1592,1593,1594,1595,1596,1597,1598,5272,5273,5274,5275,5276,5277,5278,5279,5280,5281,5282,5283,5284,5285,5286,5287,5288,5289,5290,5291,5292,5293,5294,5295,5296,5297,5298,1546,1547,1548,1549,1550,1551,1552,1553,1554,1555,1556,1557,1558,1559,1560,1561,1562,1563,1564,1565,1566,1567,1568,1569,1570,1571,5245,5246,5247,5248,5249,5250,5251,5252,5253,5254,5255,5256,5257,5258,5259,5260,5261,5262,5263,5264,5265,5266,5267,5268,5269,5270,5271,1600,1601,1602,1603,1604))",
        "cost_info": {
          "read_cost": "65.29",
          "eval_cost": "1.92",
          "prefix_cost": "67.21",
          "data_read_per_join": "460"
        },
        "used_columns": [
          "product_id",
          "price",
          "percentage_discount",
          "lower_limit",
          "usergroup_id"
        ],
        "attached_condition": "((`gaseus`.`cscart_product_prices`.`lower_limit` = 1) and (`gaseus`.`cscart_product_prices`.`usergroup_id` in (0,1)))"
      }
    }
  }
}