SELECT 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    IF(
      cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount = 0, 
      cscart_product_prices.price, 
      cscart_product_prices.price - (
        cscart_product_prices.price * cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount
      )/ 100
    )
  ) AS price 
FROM 
  cscart_product_prices 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id IN (
    114, 115, 116, 117, 210, 211, 212, 213, 
    214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 
    222, 223, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 
    284, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 3915, 
    3916, 3917, 3918, 3919, 3920, 3921, 
    3968, 3969, 3970, 3971, 3972, 3973, 
    3974, 4020, 4021, 4022, 4023, 4024, 
    4025, 4026, 4094, 4095, 4096, 4097, 
    4098, 4099, 4100, 4101, 4102, 4103, 
    4104, 4105, 4106, 4107, 4163, 4164, 
    4165, 4166, 4167, 4168, 4169, 4216, 
    4217, 4218, 4219, 4220, 4221, 4222, 
    196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 271, 
    272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 325, 326
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND cscart_product_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 1) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id

Query time 0.00125

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "67.66"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "table": {
        "table_name": "cscart_product_prices",
        "access_type": "range",
        "possible_keys": [
          "usergroup",
          "product_id",
          "lower_limit",
          "usergroup_id"
        ],
        "key": "product_id",
        "used_key_parts": [
          "product_id"
        ],
        "key_length": "3",
        "rows_examined_per_scan": 97,
        "rows_produced_per_join": 19,
        "filtered": "20.00",
        "index_condition": "(`gaseus`.`cscart_product_prices`.`product_id` in (114,115,116,117,210,211,212,213,214,215,216,217,218,219,220,221,222,223,278,279,280,281,282,283,284,332,333,334,335,336,337,3915,3916,3917,3918,3919,3920,3921,3968,3969,3970,3971,3972,3973,3974,4020,4021,4022,4023,4024,4025,4026,4094,4095,4096,4097,4098,4099,4100,4101,4102,4103,4104,4105,4106,4107,4163,4164,4165,4166,4167,4168,4169,4216,4217,4218,4219,4220,4221,4222,196,197,198,199,200,201,202,271,272,273,274,275,276,277,325,326))",
        "cost_info": {
          "read_cost": "65.72",
          "eval_cost": "1.94",
          "prefix_cost": "67.66",
          "data_read_per_join": "465"
        },
        "used_columns": [
          "product_id",
          "price",
          "percentage_discount",
          "lower_limit",
          "usergroup_id"
        ],
        "attached_condition": "((`gaseus`.`cscart_product_prices`.`lower_limit` = 1) and (`gaseus`.`cscart_product_prices`.`usergroup_id` in (0,1)))"
      }
    }
  }
}