SELECT 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    IF(
      cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount = 0, 
      cscart_product_prices.price, 
      cscart_product_prices.price - (
        cscart_product_prices.price * cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount
      )/ 100
    )
  ) AS price 
FROM 
  cscart_product_prices 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id IN (
    1716, 1717, 1718, 1719, 1720, 3733, 3735, 
    3736, 3737, 3738, 5371, 5372, 5373, 
    5374, 5375, 5376, 5377, 5378, 5379, 
    5380, 5381, 5382, 5383, 5384, 5385, 
    5386, 5387, 5388, 5389, 5390, 5391, 
    5392, 5393, 5394, 5395, 5396, 5397, 
    5398, 5399, 5400, 5401, 5402, 5403, 
    5404, 5405, 5406, 5407, 5408, 5409, 
    5410, 5411, 5412, 5413, 5414, 6728, 
    515, 3156, 3676, 5131, 3834, 3833, 2130, 
    2131, 2132, 2133, 2134, 2135, 2136, 
    2137, 2138, 2139, 2140, 2141, 2142, 
    2143, 2144, 2145, 2146, 2147, 2148, 
    2149, 2150, 2151, 2152, 2153, 2154, 
    2155, 2156, 2157, 2158, 2159, 2160, 
    2161, 2162, 2163, 2164
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND cscart_product_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 1) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id

Query time 0.00153

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "67.21"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "table": {
        "table_name": "cscart_product_prices",
        "access_type": "range",
        "possible_keys": [
          "usergroup",
          "product_id",
          "lower_limit",
          "usergroup_id"
        ],
        "key": "product_id",
        "used_key_parts": [
          "product_id"
        ],
        "key_length": "3",
        "rows_examined_per_scan": 96,
        "rows_produced_per_join": 19,
        "filtered": "20.00",
        "index_condition": "(`gaseus`.`cscart_product_prices`.`product_id` in (1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,3733,3735,3736,3737,3738,5371,5372,5373,5374,5375,5376,5377,5378,5379,5380,5381,5382,5383,5384,5385,5386,5387,5388,5389,5390,5391,5392,5393,5394,5395,5396,5397,5398,5399,5400,5401,5402,5403,5404,5405,5406,5407,5408,5409,5410,5411,5412,5413,5414,6728,515,3156,3676,5131,3834,3833,2130,2131,2132,2133,2134,2135,2136,2137,2138,2139,2140,2141,2142,2143,2144,2145,2146,2147,2148,2149,2150,2151,2152,2153,2154,2155,2156,2157,2158,2159,2160,2161,2162,2163,2164))",
        "cost_info": {
          "read_cost": "65.29",
          "eval_cost": "1.92",
          "prefix_cost": "67.21",
          "data_read_per_join": "460"
        },
        "used_columns": [
          "product_id",
          "price",
          "percentage_discount",
          "lower_limit",
          "usergroup_id"
        ],
        "attached_condition": "((`gaseus`.`cscart_product_prices`.`lower_limit` = 1) and (`gaseus`.`cscart_product_prices`.`usergroup_id` in (0,1)))"
      }
    }
  }
}