SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_product_popularity 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (12203, 12204, 12205, 12206, 12207)

Query time 0.00031

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "1.28"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_product_popularity",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "total"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 5,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 5,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "using_index": true,
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "0.78",
        "eval_cost": "0.50",
        "prefix_cost": "1.28",
        "data_read_per_join": "160"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "product_id"
      ],
      "attached_condition": "(`gaseus`.`cscart_product_popularity`.`product_id` in (12203,12204,12205,12206,12207))"
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id
12203
12204
12205
12206
12207